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G-code (also RS-274) is a language in which people tell computerized machine tools how to make something. The "how" is defined by g-code instructions provided to a machine controller (industrial computer) that tells the motors where to move, how fast to move, and what path to follow. The most common situation is that, within a machine tool, a cutting tool is moved according to these instructions through a toolpath and cuts away material to leave only the finished workpiece. The same concept also extends to noncutting tools such as forming or burnishing tools, photoplotting, additive methods such as 3D printing, and measuring instruments.

G-codes, also called preparatory codes, are any word in a CNC program that begins with the letter G. Generally it is a code telling the machine tool what type of action to perform, such as:

• Rapid movement (transport the tool as quickly as possible in between cuts)
• Controlled feed in a straight line or arc
• Series of controlled feed movements that would result in a hole being bored, a workpiece cut (routed) to a specific dimension, or a profile (contour) shape added to the edge of a workpiece
• Set tool information such as offset
• Switch coordinate systems

There are also other codes like for example the M-code.

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In CNC machining, G codes and M codes work together to manufacture parts and components:

• G code controls the movements of a machine, dictating how and where a machine should move to fabricate a part.
• M code controls miscellaneous machine functions,this includes instruction on when to turn on or off operations not involved with cutting.