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G-codes, also called preparatory codes, are any word in a CNC program that begins with the letter G. Generally it is a code telling the machine tool what type of action to perform, such as:

• Rapid movement (transport the tool as quickly as possible in between cuts)
• Controlled feed in a straight line or arc
• Series of controlled feed movements that would result in a hole being bored, a workpiece cut (routed) to a specific dimension, or a profile (contour) shape added to the edge of a workpiece
• Set tool information such as offset
• Switch coordinate systems

There are also other codes like for example the M-code.

In CNC machining, G codes and M codes work together to manufacture parts and components:

• G code controls the movements of a machine, dictating how and where a machine should move to fabricate a part.
• M code controls miscellaneous machine functions,this includes instruction on when to turn on or off operations not involved with cutting.